Baseline
Uniform data. Full gradients. The control arm.
no interventionCONTEXT JAMMING / EXPERIMENT 01 / JULY 2026
Neural networks keep arriving at the same narrow geometry. The experiment asks a blunt question: why make the optimizer rediscover the road every time?
One controlled mechanism check. One real digits MLP. No ViT result. No 7B result. The page keeps those facts separate.
187be4ef….The hidden geometry of training
The parameter count describes the room. It does not tell us where training walks. Kaushik and colleagues stacked more than 1,100 trained models—ViTs, Mistral LoRAs, LLaMA-3-8B models, ResNets—and found sharp, layer-wise spectral decay inside shared architectures.
The original result is about weights. This project turns it into a training intervention: measure whether each example's gradient points into the recovered basis, then filter, reweight, or constrain accordingly.
The room is huge. The traffic keeps choosing the same eight exits.— The thesis, compressed
Why prediction is compression
A model's cross-entropy loss is a bit-cost. H(P, Q)—the expected number of bits needed to encode outcomes drawn from the true distribution P using a code built from the model's distribution Q—decomposes into the data's irreducible entropy plus the excess cost of using the wrong code:
Sanderson's "Reinventing Entropy" series ↗ walks the same identity from the compression side: a good predictor is a good compressor, and a good compressor has found the structure the data actually has.
The universal weight subspace hypothesis
For each same-shaped layer, flatten the parameters from many same-architecture models into rows. Subtract the feature-wise mean. Run PCA—the paper's practical order-1 HOSVD case—and retain the smallest rank that crosses a variance threshold.
How much geometry survives?
Choose a rank. Rust bars are retained directions; pale bars are the residual. The eighth direction crosses the pre-registered 90% variance threshold.
Why pre-filtering matters
Measure how much of each example's gradient energy falls inside the recovered basis.
Rank inside labels or task strata. Raw global filtering can erase a minority class.
Project updates toward the shared basis—or learn only coefficients over frozen directions.
UNPROVEN AT SCALE“Waste” is the hypothesis under test. A discarded direction may contain the very novelty a new task needs.
The gradient alignment scorer
A high score says direction, not usefulness. Easy examples, mislabeled examples, and duplicated examples can still score highly. Geometry becomes one feature in the sampling decision—not the whole decision.
The displayed examples are deterministic teaching inputs, not hidden rows from the digits dataset. Their scale is bounded by the observed real-data minimum and maximum. The class-coverage switch encodes a failure found during the smoke run.
Four training regimes
Uniform data. Full gradients. The control arm.
no interventionKeep the highest-alignment examples inside every class.
60% kept per classSample all examples, but visit aligned examples more often.
group-normalized samplerProject most of each update back into the recovered basis.
85% residual removalControlled mechanism check
The scorer sees the planted boundary almost perfectly. That proves the instrument can detect geometry deliberately placed in the data.
The control proves that the instrument detects signal deliberately placed in a known subspace. It does not prove that real models contain the same clean boundary.
Real-data results on digits
Loading verified result record…
Toggle the target-layer update spectrum. The constrained run places far more energy inside the recovered universal basis—but its matrix effective rank rises from 7.77 to 11.54. Those are different measurements.
Both measures rose under constraint. The intervention did not concentrate the spectrum by either definition of "effective rank."
What improved—and what did not
The hard constraint improved both IID and noisy OOD accuracy at 5,040 examples seen.
Filtered data gained 0.74 OOD points and lost 1.19 IID points. Robustness and fit moved apart.
Effective rank rose under the constraint. More basis alignment did not mean sharper matrix decay.
Ten MLP source models do not establish a ViT, LoRA, or frontier-pretraining result.
Leave-one-source-out stability
For each of three independently generated ten-checkpoint collections, the experiment removed one source, refit centered PCA, and compared principal angles with the full basis. That produced thirty comparisons at each measurable rank.
At rank eight, most directions can remain close enough to pull the mean down while the weakest included direction rotates toward orthogonality. A scorer that uses all eight directions inherits that sensitivity.
Rank nine is NOT IDENTIFIABLE after holdout. Nine centered held-in checkpoints support at most eight independent PCA directions. The record does not pad the basis or change the protocol to manufacture an answer.
Implementation
Same-architecture checkpoints
→Layer-wise centered PCA
→Per-example gradient scores
→Filter / reweight / constrain
→Measure accuracy + spectra
subspace = extract_layer_subspaces(
checkpoints,
parameter_names=["fc2.weight"],
variance_threshold=0.90,
max_rank=8,
reference_state=initial_state,
)
scores = score_examples(model, x, y, subspace)
chosen = select_top_fraction_per_group(scores, y, 0.60)
loss.backward()
project_gradients_(model, subspace, strength=0.85)PyTorch payload containing the basis, layer mean, shape, variance ratios, source-model count, and threshold metadata.
Download digits_subspace.ptDownload the mini-packageSHA-256 · f507d7bc5ac700088d…The expensive object is the shared basis. A new task changes only the small coefficient vector. The local package implements this parametrization; the 7B run did not execute on this machine.
TUCG + CAIRN
Test k = 16, 24, and 32 across layers. Numerical coincidence is not evidence; held-out behavior and subspace stability decide.
Open TUCG →Log example IDs, score, basis hash, coefficient delta, residual energy, and contradiction outcomes. Then ask whether cleaner attachments actually follow.
Open CAIRN →Limitations and open questions
How few source models can recover a stable basis? Ten models cap centered PCA rank at nine.
Filtering toward yesterday's geometry may delete the example that creates tomorrow's capability.
A score in one middle layer may not predict a useful whole-model update.
Alignment ranking can collapse class or task coverage unless the sampler protects it explicitly.
No calibrated power sensor was available. Wall time was recorded; energy was left null.
The 7B entry point is implemented but unexecuted. This 16 GiB host failed the 32 GiB safety floor.
Decision memo
Low-rank optimization, proxy selection, batched gradient features, and selective backward passes have all been demonstrated. None is a UWS alignment result.
Reuse the candidate forward pass. Backpropagate only to a late layer. Contract there. Reject before paying for the rest.
Recover an architecture-specific basis in a 25–100M model, then test whether its example ranking transfers to the target.
The economics of scoring
Online total = cF + 1.9pF; the candidate forward is reused and rejected examples skip most backward work. Matmul-dominant estimate; attention, optimizer, utilization, and packing effects change wall time.
Full-model, exact per-example gradients are economically dead for one-pass pretraining. Random projections solve storage, not the cost of obtaining the backward signal.
Eight ways to score cheaply, ranked
Strongest direct economics. Reuse the forward pass, stop backward at a late layer, and skip the rest for rejected examples.
Best offline scaling economics. Transfer of this ranking remains unproved.
A tiny head can be cheap enough. The unresolved variable is ranking drift.
Viable only if one layer predicts the useful ranking.
Storage-efficient. The partial backward still dominates.
Very cheap at scale; no demonstrated bridge from embeddings to alignment.
Batching can reduce overhead and memory. It cannot make a target-sized backward free.
Necessary infrastructure. Layer selection still decides whether the basis fits.
For a linear layer, the activation–error outer product supplies the gradient. Contract those factors directly against each basis matrix during a partial backward, then skip the remaining backward for rejected examples.
MEASURED IN CITED PAPER LoGra reports up to 6,500× attribution throughput over EKFAC at Llama-3-8B scale—an influence-computation result, not a UWS measurement.
LoGra [M] ↗ and Selective Backprop [M] ↗ provide systems evidence whose trick transfers. Neither paper measured UWS filtering.
A 100M proxy breaks even after dropping only 10%.
A 100M proxy breaks even after dropping roughly 1.4%.
All-layer bf16 k=8 bases at 7B. Memory alone forces layer selection.
The decisive scientific question is no longer whether gradient alignment can be computed. It is whether its ranking survives layer restriction, proxy transfer, training drift, and uncertainty in the basis.
Fixing the 89.81° problem
The existing leave-one-source-out result stays unchanged: the worst rank-eight angle reached 89.81°. This section is a proposed response to that negative result, not a repair of the record.
Centered PCA from N=10 sources caps rank at nine. Rank eight sits one direction below that algebraic ceiling. Rotation is governed by covariance error relative to the eigengap; more sources help only when a real gap exists. Davis–Kahan [M] ↗
Use exact-architecture groups and same-base LoRA deltas.
Sweep N = 12 / 20 / 32 / 50.
Report bootstrap + LOSO angle distributions at every N.
Retain only directions whose 95% bootstrap UCB on LOSO angle is under 30°.
Stop when the interval crosses 30°, even below 90% cumulative variance.
Two new scores, and a name for a third
The gradient-alignment score (Section 4) asks a gradient-space question. SDEF asks the same question in function space: how many more bits does this example cost to predict once the model can only use the shared basis?
The brief this proposal was drafted from wrote the gap the other way— H(P,Qfull)−H(P,QUWS)—which is always ≤ 0 and cannot produce the "large ΔH ⇒ relies on the noise subspace" behavior it describes. The sign above is the one that matches that behavior.
Core-structure and pure-noise examples both produce a small ΔH—the subspace restriction barely changes their cost—but for opposite reasons: one is cheap for every model, the other is expensive for every model. ΔH alone cannot tell them apart; H(P,Qfull) does. The two scores are gradient-space and function-space views of the same hypothesis, not competing measurements—where they agree, either is redundant with the other; where they disagree, the disagreement is itself informative about what the basis captures.
Sixteen synthetic examples, four per typology bucket above. Each bar pair is H(P,Qfull) and H(P,QUWS) in bits; the gap between them is ΔH. Core-structure and pure-noise examples both track closely, for opposite reasons. Memorized-niche examples diverge sharply.
These are deterministic teaching values, not measurements—no ΔH has been computed from a real model here. They illustrate the typology defined above, not a result.
Cost: SDEF requires a second forward pass with projected weights on top of whatever pass produced Qfull. It is folded into the break-even calculator above as a fourth avenue.
Direct response to the cleaner-spectrum criterion marked NOT MET above: the hard-constraint regime raised effective rank instead of lowering it, and raised the entropy of the singular-value distribution too (Section 7 spectral-entropy gauge). Constraint alone did not clean the spectrum. SSER makes concentration a training objective instead of a hoped-for side effect.
Next experiments, now with kill criteria
Use ≥20 same-base adapters per architecture and k ∈ {4, 8, 16}. Compare last-block with multi-layer gold scores on 5,000 examples. Gate 20 / 40 / 60%; run five seeds; report Spearman ρ, top-20% overlap, IID/OOD, and realized GPU time.
Recover architecture-specific bases—never transport U across widths. Test rank correlation and top-quantile overlap against loss-, embedding-, target-, and random-selected baselines.
Label 2% of each candidate window exactly. Refresh every 250 steps. Track rolling ρ, top-quantile recall, refresh cost, and calibration under distribution shift.
A 48 GB-class device is safer. Score 50,000 sequences with a 100M proxy, audit 2,000 exactly, then run matched-token random / proxy-aligned / loss-selected / hybrid LoRA arms with scoring FLOPs separate.
Compute ΔH alongside the existing gradient-alignment score on the same held-out set. Report Spearman ρ and top-20% overlap between the two rankings before proposing ΔH as a standalone filter.
Sweep λ against the digits setup. Report effective rank, spectral entropy, and IID/OOD accuracy at each λ against the unconstrained and hard-constraint baselines already measured.
Kill if ρ < 0.50 against multi-layer gold, top-20% recall < 40%, or a 40% drop saves no measured GPU time.
Kill if median proxy-to-target ρ < 0.40, top-20% recall < 35%, or selection misses random's confidence interval at two keep fractions.
Kill if rolling ρ < 0.60, correlation falls by more than 0.10 between refreshes, or refresh plus inference consumes over 10% of saved backward FLOPs.
Kill any direction whose 95% bootstrap UCB on LOSO angle exceeds 30°, even if it improves in-sample explained variance.
Kill if ΔH-ranking correlates with the existing gradient-alignment score at ρ < 0.50, top-20% overlap < 40%, or the second forward pass pushes total scoring cost past the full-gradient baseline (3F) with no measured accuracy gain over the gradient-only score.
Kill if no λ in the sweep reaches effective rank at or below the unconstrained baseline (7.77) without more than 0.5 percentage points of IID accuracy loss on the digits setup.
MEASURED DATA · 3cc738c29955c0ac… · COST MEMO · 187be4eff9183a0461ea7115e227b5e53db908bf6d2b7937c07caf580b0f9497 · GATE verify_20260715T225801Z_2c4bd74f